Education is constantly enriched, improved and extended by science and computer advances. (To learn more about science education in schools visit www.scienceeducation.gov) Today there are extremely large quantities of information deemed “required knowledge” that weren’t even imagined forty years ago. Computers were made usable by a single idea that captured the American psyche, Conquering the Moon. Before then, computers filled buildings, but the necessity of having high computational power at the astronauts’ hands forced NASA to think small. The result is an industry that continues to think smaller, faster and more powerful. This article was written on a laptop computer with more power than the Apollo Astronauts had to ready access. And this is where education comes in. Computers have made it much easier and faster for students to access information online, store written work, experiment with ideas and share or compare with other students. This rapid communication is only possible because, as a nation, the U.S. said, “Let’s explore.” The Space Program also gave us advances in home appliances, business models and manufacturing. But the real gains were in the ideas, approaches and hard science leading us to those possibilities. They have made it possible to build better buildings, better classrooms and better labs for students to sit, think and ask questions. Giving students time to think of new ideas, ask important questions and even unimportant ones. Do not forget that some of the greatest advances came from accidents, silly ideas and random questions. Now, science and computers give us more time, speed and accuracy in answering some of these questions. Without raw science, and computer science in particular, you wouldn’t even be reading this article. The fact that anyone can log onto the internet and look up nearly anything is one of the greatest advances in science and education in the last 100 years.

The Origin of Computers

Early History
The exact date of the invention of computers is difficult to pin down. Consider that the discovery of computers was originally linked to devices that were used to calculate:
. abacus
. slide rule
. comptometers
. key punch key to disk systems

Computer Evolution
Later, devices were used for data collection in astronomy and as the industrial age dawned for mechanical equipment to increase production. By the middle 1940′s, development of what is recognized as a “computer” used binary and decimal numerical systems to “compute”, though not all were programmable logic controlled. Beginning in Germany with Zuse’s “Z” machines in 1941, and EDSAC, which introduced development of memory storage, the US military developed “ENIAC”, one of the first computers with new design that included memory storage. ENIAC could be considered the first computer similar to today’s computers. (To find out more about computers see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computers)

Computers Develop With New Technology
By the 1970′s computers evolved from vacuum tube technology to microprocessor circuitry. Hardware for computers grew smaller in size and required less space than original room-sized computers. As computers evolved, so did programmability and program languages. Fortran, a language that was used in the 1970′s to transfer data to magnetic cards (mag card) facilitated the ease of faster data collection. Another computer program language used largely in the scientific fields was Pascal. Gradually by the late 1980′s, computers and the program languages grew in sophistication. A computer’s ability to store vast amounts of data created the development for larger computer memory storage up to the present gigabytes and terrabytes.

Harnessing the Power of Computer Technology
From room-sized, towering pieces of computing equipment to today’s tiny all-purpose cell phones and personal assistant devices, the discovery of computers harnessed powerful computer technology advancing virtual reality devices used for medical, military and scientific advancements that appear limitless. The discovery of computers also advanced communication by the creation of the internet. With recent  improvements in software, it is easy to Make Your Own Website

Secure Data Recovery Service Network

Secure Data Recovery is a network of data recovery service locations located throughout the United States. Take the guesswork out of choosing which data recovery company is right for you. Their experience in the data recovery industry is unmatched. They specialize in: Raid Recovery, Hard Drive Data Recovery, Mac Data Recovery, SQL Data Recovery and Tape Recovery Services. LHook is an expert in data recovery, she can answer allof your questions.

In the heart of an atom

In the heart of an atom, there lies the tiniest and yet most powerful blob in the universe. This blob is called the nucleus. The discovery of the nucleus was quite unexpected. Ernest Rutherford, in an attempt to know more about atoms, put together the alpha-gold foil experiment. In this experiment, a thin gold foil (that would be a few atoms thick) will be bombarded with positively charged beams (alpha-rays). Most of the beams passed through the gold foil, making Rutherford believe that the atom is mostly empty space. The most exciting part of the experiment, however, was the few beams that got deflected and bounced back. These beams hit something solid and positively charged. It was the nucleus.

The nucleus is not just the central part of the atom. The nucleus can be viewed as the heart of the atom. It contains two of the three subatomic particles: protons and neutrons. The protons are positively charged and the number of protons identify the atom. For example, if there are six protons in the nucleus, the atom cannot be anything else but carbon. The neutrons, on the other hand, have no charge but it does have a mass that is almost equal to that of the proton. Together, the protons and neutrons make up the mass of an atom. The mass of the third subatomic particle, the electron, is insignificant and many atoms can easily remove electrons during chemical reactions.

Then, as quantum physics developed, scientists discovered that the heart of the atom has more than protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are just types of hadrons, which are the heavy elementary particles that are made of three quarks. Strong attractive forces, perhaps the strongest in the universe, hold together the hadrons and other elementary particles (mesons and baryons) within the atom’s nucleus.

Unified Communications : Cisco vs . Microsoft

Cisco unified communications plans to deal with Microsoft by dominance of the burgeoning market for services “communications Unified ” received special attention last month during the annual conference of analysts the company specialized in networks held in San Jose.

John Chambers , CEO of Cisco, devoted part of his keynote address to show how the Cisco technologies could be used to make calls telephone and teleconferences.

“You can see how we go from plumbing to solutions , “said Chambers, while making a demonstration of how a company’s internal directory could be used to find experts in particular technology company, and then start a videoconference only press a button.

Although this technology is still in its early stages, demonstration represented a strong signal that the company Cisco , which became the largest networking company in the world by selling switches and routers that direct data traffic , plans compete directly with Microsoft.

The coming quarters may face fierce competition while Cisco and Microsoft, specially with their new product Windows 7 Ultimate, compete for what is expected to be a market of billions of dollars. ” There is a window of 12 to 18 months in which Cisco and Microsoft and anyone really, must show fairly aggressive establish an early presence in unified communications , ” said Inder Singh , an analyst at Lehman Brothers.

Although there is a consensus on the importance of market unified communications , analysts differ as to what company is better positioned to capture the largest share .

“Both Companies are starting from different places, ” said Singh. “The advantage of Cisco is that it can optimize their networks , while it which is the development of Microsoft , it will be optimized at desk. ” He added that ” for large companies , congestion networks and delivery times are much more important matters the data processing time at the desk. Offer network applications for users will be Cisco’s strong side . “…

Article source: http://electricmicrobe.com/